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DNA transposons are DNA sequences, sometimes referred to "jumping genes", that can move and integrate to different locations within the genome. [1] They are class II transposable elements (TEs) that move through a DNA intermediate, as opposed to class I TEs, retrotransposons , that move through an RNA intermediate. [ 2 ]
A bacterial DNA transposon. A transposable element (TE), also transposon, or jumping gene, is a type of mobile genetic element, a nucleic acid sequence in DNA that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.
Transposons are semi-parasitic DNA sequences which can replicate and spread through the host's genome. They can be harnessed as a genetic tool for analysis of gene and protein function. The use of transposons is well-developed in Drosophila (in which P elements are most commonly used) and in Thale cress ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) and bacteria ...
The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase is the recombinase that drives the Sleeping Beauty transposon system. [9] SB transposase belongs to the DD[E/D] family of transposases, which in turn belong to a large superfamily of polynucleotidyl transferases that includes RNase H, RuvC Holliday resolvase, RAG proteins, and retroviral integrases.
hAT transposons are widely distributed across eukaryotic genomes, but are not active in all organisms.Inactive hAT transposon sequences are present in mammal genomes, including the human genome; [1] they are among the transposon families believed to have been present in the ancestral vertebrate genome. [8]
DNA transposons, LTR retrotransposons, SINEs, and LINEs make up a majority of the human genome. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), sometimes called selfish genetic elements, [1] are a type of genetic material that can move around within a genome, or that can be transferred from one species or replicon to another. MGEs are found in all organisms.
Tc1/mariner is a class and superfamily of interspersed repeats DNA (Class II) transposons. [1] The elements of this class are found in all animals, [2] including humans. They can also be found in protists and bacteria. [3] [4]
Polintons are sometimes referred to as "self-synthesizing" transposons, because they encode the proteins necessary to replicate themselves. [5] Most polintons also encode an adenoviral -like cysteine protease , an FtsK -like ATPase , and proteins with homology to the jelly-roll fold structure of viral capsid proteins.