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Sensory information is stored in sensory memory just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory. [1] Humans have five traditional senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch. Sensory memory (SM) allows individuals to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased. [2]
Like the olfactory system, the taste system is defined by its specialized peripheral receptors and central pathways that relay and process taste information.Peripheral taste receptors are found on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and the upper part of the esophagus.
The main olfactory system detects airborne substances, while the accessory system senses fluid-phase stimuli. The senses of smell and taste (gustatory system) are often referred to together as the chemosensory system, because they both give the brain information about the chemical composition of objects through a process called transduction.
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The Lady and the Unicorn, a Flemish tapestry depicting the sense of smell, 1484–1500. Musée national du Moyen Âge, Paris.. Early scientific study of the sense of smell includes the extensive doctoral dissertation of Eleanor Gamble, published in 1898, which compared olfactory to other stimulus modalities, and implied that smell had a lower intensity discrimination.
Neuromodulation exists in the olfactory system and is responsible for neural plasticity and behavioural change in both mammals and insects. [4] In the context of olfactory memory, neuromodulators regulate storage of information in a way that maintains the significance of the olfactory experience. [4]
The neocortex is greatly enlarged in humans and plays a central role for the cognitive abilities that make us human: language, imagination, memory, emotion, etc.” — Franz Xaver Mittermaier
The word taste is used in a technical sense to refer specifically to sensations coming from taste buds on the tongue. The five qualities of taste detected by the tongue include sourness, bitterness, sweetness, saltiness, and the protein taste quality, called umami.