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See the Width section of Help:Table.To summarize, max-width is the preferred way to limit widths on tables. It works on divs too. Note though that in both tables and divs there needs to be spaces in long lines of text or wikitext.
Developers can choose between a fixed-width container and a fluid-width container. While the latter always fills the width with the web page, the former uses one of the five predefined fixed widths, depending on the size of the screen showing the page: [6] Smaller than 576 pixels; 576–768 pixels; 768–992 pixels; 992–1200 pixels; 1200 ...
Also, if the table has cell spacing (and thus border-collapse=separate), meaning that cells have separate borders with a gap in between, that gap will still be visible. A cruder way to align columns of numbers is to use a figure space   or  , which is intended to be the width of a numeral, though is font-dependent in practice:
However, the table margins, border and font-size must be precisely set to match a typical image display. The Image-spec parameter "thumb|" (although auto-thumbnailing to user-preference width) forces a wide left-margin that squeezes the nearby text, so the parameter "center|" can be added to suppress the left-margin padding.
The table above (even if some more columns are added) maintains one line per country for narrower browser and screen widths. So it is therefore more readable and scannable in long country tables. The table format below can greatly increase in number of lines, and require more vertical scrolling, especially if more columns are added.
For table markup, it can be applied to whole tables, table captions, table rows, and individual cells. CSS specificity in relation to content should be considered since applying it to a row could affect all that row's cells and applying it to a table could affect all the table's cells and caption, where styles closer to the content can override ...
Instead, the solution (to both) as autowidened tables, with column-spacers (and no column "width="), will avoid both extremes, of too-wide percent-width columns or too-narrow pixel-width columns, and will allow a table to auto-adjust to the user's screen size, or various text-size zoom views.
This is a test of the default settings for a very wide table with much text to show the extent of the margins when enough data is present to push the table to its maximum width allowed by the table properties. A table with long text, or many wide columns, will expand to fit 98% of the width of the window.