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In business and project management, a responsibility assignment matrix [1] (RAM), also known as RACI matrix [2] (/ ˈ r eɪ s i /; responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed) [3] [4] or linear responsibility chart [5] (LRC), is a model that describes the participation by various roles in completing tasks or deliverables [4] for a project ...
Participation in work decisions: Characterized as formal, long-term and direct participation. The content in this dimension focuses on work, e.g. task distribution, organizational methods of the task. Consultative participation: Same to the previous one except it has lower level of influence in decision-making.
The consultative system is very closely related to the human-relations theory. Subordinates gain motivation through rewards, occasional punishments, and little involvement in making decisions and setting goals. When compared to the first two systems, employees have more freedom to communicate and make company decisions. [4]
Other benefits include less industrial dispute resulting from better communication in the workplace; improved and inclusive decision-making processes resulting in qualitatively better workplace decisions, decreased stress and increased well-being, an increase in job satisfaction, a reduction in absenteeism and an improved sense of fulfillment ...
There are three main views as to why codetermination exists: to reduce management-labour conflict by improving and systematizing communication channels; [3] to increase bargaining power of workers at the expense of owners by means of legislation; [4] and to correct market failures by means of public policy. [5]
Consultative Type 1 (CI) Leader shares problem to relevant followers individually and seeks their ideas and suggestions and makes decision alone. Here followers do not meet each other and the leader’s decision may or may not reflect his followers' influence. So, here followers' involvement is at the level of providing alternatives individually.
The Guidelines Drafting Committee (GDC), appointed by the MCA in 2009, started its work on the new mandate for review and elaboration of the 2009 Guidelines. The process was completed in October 2010 and the final draft was presented to the MCA on 3 November 2010.
The management consulting firms Stern Stewart, [12] Marakon Associates, [13] [14] and Alcar pioneered value-based management (VBM), or "managing for value", in the 1980s based on the academic work of Joel Stern, Bill Alberts, and Professor Alfred Rappaport. [15] Other consulting firms including McKinsey and BCG developed VBM approaches. [13]