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The beta-blocker propranalol's effectiveness in headache treatment was a chance finding in patients receiving the drug for angina (chest pain due to a lack of blood to the heart muscle). The beta-blockers that are used in migraine treatment are propranolol, nadolol, timolol, metoprolol, and atenolol.
Rescue treatment involves acute symptomatic control with medication. [4] Recommendations for rescue therapy of migraine include: (1) migraine-specific agents such as triptans, CGRP antagonists, or ditans for patients with severe headaches or for headaches that respond poorly to analgesics, (2) non-oral (typically nasal or injection) route of administration for patients with vomiting, (3) avoid ...
Beta blockers have been deemed effective options for the prevention of migraines. In particular, metoprolol, timolol and propranolol have the most strength of efficacy. [9] The timeframe to effectiveness in generally within 3 months. [9] Patients with cardiovascular risk factors should avoid the use of beta blockers for migraine prevention. [9]
Atogepant, sold under the brand name Qulipta among others, is a medication used to prevent migraines. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is a gepant , an orally active calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist .
Dose adjustment is required in people who have chronic kidney disease. Liver injury has also been reported. Pizotifen treatment should be discontinued if there is any clinical evidence of liver dysfunction during treatment. Caution is advised in patients having a history of epilepsy. Withdrawal symptoms like depression, tremor, nausea, anxiety ...
Fremanezumab, sold under the brand name Ajovy, is a medication used to prevent migraines in adults. [8] [6] It is given by injection under the skin.[8] [6]The most common side effect is pain and redness at the site of injection. [8]
Erenumab, sold under the brand name Aimovig, is a medication which blocks the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) for the prevention of migraine. [3] [4] [5] It is administered by subcutaneous injection.
[16] [17] [18] It is a 5–10× more potent beta blocker than propranolol. Timolol is light-sensitive; it is usually preserved with 0.01% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), but also comes BAC-free. It can also be used in combination with pilocarpine , carbonic anhydrase inhibitors [ 19 ] or prostaglandin analogs.
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