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  2. Aristocrat Cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocrat_Cipher

    The Aristocrat Cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher in which plaintext is replaced with ciphertext and encoded into assorted letters, numbers, and symbols based on a keyword. The formatting of these ciphers generally includes a title, letter frequency, keyword indicators, and the encoder's nom de plume . [ 1 ]

  3. Graph (discrete mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_(discrete_mathematics)

    A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).

  4. Typeface anatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typeface_anatomy

    The junction of two strokes intersecting above as in A M X x is an apex and the joining of two strokes intersecting below as in V W v w is a vertex. [10] The font shown in the example is stressed; this means that strokes have varying widths. In this example, the stroke at the top of the "g" is thinner at the top and bottom than on the sides ...

  5. Vertex (graph theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_(graph_theory)

    A graph with 6 vertices and 7 edges where the vertex number 6 on the far-left is a leaf vertex or a pendant vertex. In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a vertex (plural vertices) or node is the fundamental unit of which graphs are formed: an undirected graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges (unordered pairs of vertices), while a directed graph ...

  6. Template:Square tiling vertex figure tessellations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Square_tiling...

    This page was last edited on 8 December 2024, at 15:04 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.

  7. Petersen graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersen_graph

    Petersen graph as Kneser graph ,. The Petersen graph is the complement of the line graph of .It is also the Kneser graph,; this means that it has one vertex for each 2-element subset of a 5-element set, and two vertices are connected by an edge if and only if the corresponding 2-element subsets are disjoint from each other.

  8. Complete bipartite graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_bipartite_graph

    The complete bipartite graph K m,n has a vertex covering number of min{m, n} and an edge covering number of max{m, n}. The complete bipartite graph K m,n has a maximum independent set of size max{m, n}. The adjacency matrix of a complete bipartite graph K m,n has eigenvalues √ nm, − √ nm and 0; with multiplicity 1, 1 and n + m − 2 ...

  9. Aristocracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracy

    The 1st Earl of Bolingbroke, a seventeenth-century English aristocrat and politician. Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek ἀριστοκρατίᾱ ( aristokratíā ) 'rule of the best'; from ἄριστος ( áristos ) 'best' and κράτος ( krátos ) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small ...