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While the acronyms are similar, reactive airway disease (RAD) and reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) are not the same. [1]Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome was first identified by Stuart M. Brooks and colleagues in 1985 as an asthma-like syndrome developing after a single exposure to high levels of an irritating vapor, fume, or smoke.
Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) is a severe form of irritant induced asthma where respiratory symptoms usually develop in the minutes or hours after a single accidental inhalation of a high concentration of irritant gas, aerosol, vapor, or smoke. [3]
Without exotic treatment such as bone marrow transplant, death with this dose is common, [3] due generally more to infection than gastrointestinal dysfunction. Neurovascular. This syndrome typically occurs at absorbed doses greater than 30 grays (3,000 rad), though it may occur at doses as low as 10 grays (1,000 rad). [3]
Reactive airway disease; Reactive arthritis; Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) Reactive attachment disorder of early childhood; Reactive attachment disorder of infancy; Reactive hypoglycemia; Reardon–Hall–Slaney syndrome; Reardon–Wilson–Cavanagh syndrome; Rectal neoplasm; Rectophobia; Rectosigmoid neoplasm; Recurrent laryngeal papillomas
People with respiratory failure often exhibit other signs or symptoms that are associated with the underlying cause of their respiratory failure. For instance, if respiratory failure is caused by cardiogenic shock (decreased perfusion due to heart dysfunction, symptoms of heart dysfunction (e.g., pitting edema) are also expected. Clubbing
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. [1] Symptoms include shortness of breath (dyspnea), rapid breathing (tachypnea), and bluish skin coloration (cyanosis). [1] For those who survive, a decreased quality of life is common. [4]
If a clinician is concerned that reactive airway disease or asthma may be a component of the illness, a bronchodilator may be administered. [9] Anticholinergic inhalers, such as ipratropium bromide, have a modest short-term effect at best and are not recommended for treatment. [20] [49] [50]
Patients present with both alveolar hypoventilation along with hypothalamic dysfunction, which distinguishes ROHHAD from congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). [2] ROHHAD is a rare disease, with only 100 reported cases worldwide thus far. [3] The first sign of ROHHAD is a rapid weight gain between 1.5 and 11 years of age. [4]