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The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is the largest amount of biomass that can be collected annually for indefinite periods. MSY assesses the productive capacity of the fishery, rather than demand or economic costs. MSY output may be greater or less than monopolistic or competitive output.
The maximum sustainable yield is usually higher than the optimum sustainable yield and maximum economic yield. MSY is extensively used for fisheries management . Unlike the logistic ( Schaefer ) model, [ 1 ] MSY has been refined in most modern fisheries models and occurs at around 30% of the unexploited population size.
Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...
The concept of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) has been used in fisheries science and fisheries management for more than a century. Originally developed and popularized by Fedor Baranov early in the 1900s as the "theory of fishing," it is often credited with laying the foundation for the modern understanding of the population dynamics of fisheries. [1]
A formula to compute the ebullioscopic constant is: [2] = R is the ideal gas constant. M is the molar mass of the solvent. T b is boiling point of the pure solvent in kelvin. ΔH vap is the molar enthalpy of vaporization of the solvent.
The general form of the Eyring–Polanyi equation somewhat resembles the Arrhenius equation: = ‡ where is the rate constant, ‡ is the Gibbs energy of activation, is the transmission coefficient, is the Boltzmann constant, is the temperature, and is the Planck constant.
In chemistry, the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction (x i) or the mass fraction (w i) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram.It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line.
The strength of a bond can be estimated by comparing the atomic radii of the atoms that form the bond to the length of bond itself. For example, the atomic radius of boron is estimated at 85 pm, [10] while the length of the B–B bond in B 2 Cl 4 is 175 pm. [11] Dividing the length of this bond by the sum of each boron atom's radius gives a ratio of