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An array type is a reference type that refers to a space containing one or more elements of a certain type. All array types derive from a common base class, System. Array. Each element is referenced by its index just like in C++ and Java. An array in C# is what would be called a dynamic array in C++.
Anonymous types are a feature of C# 3.0, Visual Basic .NET 9.0, Oxygene, Scala and Go that allows data types to encapsulate a set of properties into a single object without having to first explicitly define a type. [1] This is an important feature for the SQL-like LINQ feature that is integrated into C# and VB
C# is a language in which the null object pattern can be properly implemented. This example shows animal objects that display sounds and a NullAnimal instance used in place of the C# null keyword. The null object provides consistent behaviour and prevents a runtime null reference exception that would occur if the C# null keyword were used instead.
readonly. Specify that the subsequent array address operation performs no type check at runtime, and that it returns a controlled-mutability managed pointer. Prefix to instruction 0xFE 0x1D refanytype: Push the type token stored in a typed reference. Object model instruction 0xC2 refanyval <type> Push the address stored in a typed reference.
Unlike C++'s const, Java's final, and C#'s readonly, they are transitive and recursively apply to anything reachable through references of such a variable. The difference between const and immutable is what they apply to: const is a property of the variable: there might legally exist mutable references to referred value, i.e. the value can ...
because the argument to f must be a variable integer, but i is a constant integer. This matching is a form of program correctness, and is known as const-correctness.This allows a form of programming by contract, where functions specify as part of their type signature whether they modify their arguments or not, and whether their return value is modifiable or not.
Microsoft has developed open-source reference C# compilers and tools. The first compiler, Roslyn , compiles into intermediate language (IL), and the second one, RyuJIT, [ 119 ] is a JIT (just-in-time) compiler, which is dynamic and does on-the-fly optimization and compiles the IL into native code for the front-end of the CPU. [ 120 ]
Many languages have explicit pointers or references. Reference types differ from these in that the entities they refer to are always accessed via references; for example, whereas in C++ it's possible to have either a std:: string and a std:: string *, where the former is a mutable string and the latter is an explicit pointer to a mutable string (unless it's a null pointer), in Java it is only ...