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Myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.Therefore, the first stage of myelinogenesis is often defined as the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) or Schwann cell progenitors into their mature counterparts, [4] followed by myelin formation around axons.
Spontaneous myelin repair was first observed in cat models. [49] It was later discovered to occur in the human CNS as well, specifically in cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). [50] Spontaneous myelin repair does not result in morphologically normal oligodendrocytes and is associated with thinner myelin compared to axonal diameter than normal ...
Once an axon is degenerated, it cannot regenerate like myelin, thus making research to promote remyelination that much more important. MS is more severe in some people than others, most likely from their family genetics and the way that genes are expressed within them. [6] The overall cause for multiple sclerosis itself is completely unknown.
However, the myelin layer does not ensure a perfect regeneration of the nerve fiber. Some regenerated nerve fibers do not find the correct muscle fibers, and some damaged motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system die without regrowth. Damage to the myelin sheath and nerve fiber is often associated with increased functional insufficiency.
The insulation must be proportional to the diameter of the fibre inside. The optimal ratio of axon diameter divided by the total fiber diameter (which includes the myelin) is 0.6. [24] Oligodendrocytes in rat cerebellum stained with antibody to myelin basic protein in red and for DNA in blue. Two oligodendrocyte cell bodies are clearly visible ...
Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. [2] Spinal cord injuries alone affect an estimated 10,000 people each year. [ 3 ] As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering , is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of ...
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed [weasel words] to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system. The myelin sheath is a multi-layered membrane, unique to the nervous system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction . [ 5 ]
MAG is believed to be involved in myelination during nerve regeneration in the PNS [6] and is vital for the long-term survival of the myelinated axons following myelinogenesis. [7] In the CNS MAG is one of three main myelin-associated inhibitors of axonal regeneration after injury, [ 8 ] making it an important protein for future research on ...