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2. Heart failure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure

   Heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecovEF or HFrecEF): patients previously with HFrEF with complete normalization of left ventricular ejection (≥50%). [64] [65] Heart failure may also be classified as acute or chronic. Chronic heart failure is a long-term condition, usually kept stable by the treatment of symptoms.

3. Management of heart failure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_heart_failure

   Sleep apnea is an under-recognized risk factor for heart failure. Uncontrolled sleep apnea may increase the risk of heart failure by up to 140%. [4] Weight reduction – through physical activity and dietary modification, as obesity is a risk factor for heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Effective weight management has been shown ...

4. Cardiovascular physiology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_physiology

   Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the cardiovascular system, specifically addressing the physiology of the heart ("cardio") and blood vessels ("vascular").. These subjects are sometimes addressed separately, under the names cardiac physiology and circulatory physiology.

5. Pathophysiology of heart failure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_heart...

   The main pathophysiology of heart failure is a reduction in the efficiency of the heart muscle, through damage or overloading. As such, it can be caused by a wide number of conditions, including myocardial infarction (in which the heart muscle is starved of oxygen and dies), hypertension (which increases the force of contraction needed to pump blood) and cardiac amyloidosis (in which misfolded ...

6. Cardiac physiology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

   Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.

7. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure_with_reduced...

   Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, hef-REF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction is reduced. [1] This is defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 40% or less. About half of heart failure patients have a reduced ejection fraction. [2]