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Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammation of the prepatellar bursa at the front of the knee. It is marked by swelling at the knee, which can be tender to the touch and which generally does not restrict the knee's range of motion. It can be extremely painful and disabling as long as the underlying condition persists.
An injury to a ligament is called a sprain. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons defines ACL injury in terms of severity and classifies them as Grade 1, 2, or 3 sprains. [1] Grade 1 sprains occur when the ligament is stretched slightly but the stability of the knee joint is not affected.
The knee is one of the joints most commonly affected by osteoarthritis. [2] Cartilage in the knee may begin to break down after sustained stress, leaving the bones of the knee rubbing against each other and resulting in osteoarthritis. [7] Nearly a third of US citizens are affected by osteoarthritis of the knee by age 70. [8]
Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS; not to be confused with jumper's knee) is knee pain as a result of problems between the kneecap and the femur. [4] The pain is generally in the front of the knee and comes on gradually. [2] [4] Pain may worsen with sitting down with a bent knee for long periods of time, excessive use, or climbing and ...
The ligaments are pulled taut when the knee joint is locked in place during standing. When the knee is flexed, it is unlocked by the popliteus muscle through the lateral rotation of femur. [5] The locking mechanisms of hip joint [6] and midtarsal joint [7] [8] are also being investigated in cadavers.
[1] [2] Risk is greater in those who are overweight, have legs of different lengths, or have jobs that result in high levels of joint stress. [1] [2] [8] Osteoarthritis is believed to be caused by mechanical stress on the joint and low grade inflammatory processes. [9] It develops as cartilage is lost and the underlying bone becomes affected. [1]
The cartilage is no longer smooth and therefore movement and use is very painful. [1] While it often affects young individuals engaged in active sports, it also afflicts older adults who overwork their knees. [2] [3] Chondromalacia patellae is sometimes used synonymously with patellofemoral pain syndrome. [4]