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Results are consistent with novelty-seeking behavior being a complex trait associated with many genes, and the variance attributable to DRD4 by itself being very small. The meta-analysis of 11 studies did find that another polymorphism in the gene, the -521C/T , showed an association with novelty seeking. [ 21 ]
The novelty-seeking trait is considered a heritable tendency of individuals to take risks for the purpose of achieving stimulation and seeking new environments and situations that make their experiences more intense. The trait has been associated with the level of motive and excitement in response to novelty.
Dopamine transporter DAT1 and dopamine receptor DRD4 are associated with novelty seeking. [citation needed] Parkinson's patients, who are intrinsically low in dopamine, are found to have low novelty seeking scores. [citation needed] Gene variants that have been investigated are, e.g., 5-HTTLPR in the serotonin transporter gene and gene variants ...
According to some publications, SNPs in DRD4 are associated with extraversion and novelty seeking. [6] Also variations in 5HTT are associated with neuroticism and harm avoidance. [7] Family and twins studies: The studies of genomics of personality traits involves families and specifically twins, because they have a high heritability of the traits.
Allele 320 in RS1 is associated with increased novelty seeking and decreased harm avoidance; additionally, relative to all other alleles, the 320 allele of RS1 showed significantly less activity in the left amygdala, with shorter variants showing a trend of stronger activity. [22]
The personal characteristics that encourage environmental responses, such as appearance, personality, and intellect, are not the same between siblings and fraternal twins because of gene variations. Once siblings can actively interact with their environment and select environments they like, differences between their niches become clear.
Impulsive sensation-seeking: measures low socialisation, and high psychoticism, impulsivity, and sensation-seeking. The impulsivity items assess lack of planfulness and a tendency to act without thinking. The sensation seeking items describe a liking for thrills and excitement, novelty and variety, and unpredictable situations and friends. [3]
The SNP has been investigated with respect to novelty seeking, — a personality trait that may be measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A 2008 meta-analysis indicates a possible association between novelty seeking and C-521T though rather small.