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  2. Type introspection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_introspection

    The java.lang.Class [2] class is the basis of more advanced introspection. For instance, if it is desirable to determine the actual class of an object (rather than whether it is a member of a particular class), Object.getClass() and Class.getName() can be used:

  3. Class (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)

    In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages , but generally the shared aspects consist of state ( variables ) and behavior ( methods ) that are each either associated with a particular object or with all objects of that class.

  4. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python allows the creation of class methods and static methods via the use of the @classmethod and @staticmethod decorators. The first argument to a class method is the class object instead of the self-reference to the instance. A static method has no special first argument. Neither the instance, nor the class object is passed to a static method.

  5. Comparison of programming languages (object-oriented ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    Python class name «(parentclasses [7]) ... END OBJECT. END CLASS name. ... check tag: expression end end: class X invariant tag: expression end: from instructions ...

  6. Object-oriented programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming

    The class defines the data format or type (including member variables and their types) and available procedures (class methods or member functions) for a given type or class of object. Objects are created by calling a special type of method in the class known as a constructor .

  7. Factory method pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory_method_pattern

    In the above UML class diagram, the Creator class that requires a Product object does not instantiate the Product1 class directly. Instead, the Creator refers to a separate factoryMethod() to create a product object, which makes the Creator independent of the exact concrete class that is instantiated.

  8. Method overriding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_overriding

    Method overriding, in object-oriented programming, is a language feature that allows a subclass or child class to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its superclasses or parent classes.

  9. Class invariant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_invariant

    Methods of the class should preserve the invariant. The class invariant constrains the state stored in the object. Class invariants are established during construction and constantly maintained between calls to public methods. Code within functions may break invariants as long as the invariants are restored before a public function ends.