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  2. Marine primary production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_primary_production

    However, most marine primary production comes from organisms which use photosynthesis on the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water. This process uses energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide [4]: 186–187 into sugars that can be used both as a source of chemical energy and of organic molecules that are used in the structural ...

  3. Fish farming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_farming

    Fish do not use energy to keep warm, eliminating some carbohydrates and fats in the diet, required to provide this energy. This may be offset, though, by the lower land costs and the higher production which can be obtained due to the high level of input control. Aeration of the water is essential, as fish need a sufficient oxygen level for ...

  4. Offshore aquaculture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_aquaculture

    Offshore aquaculture, also known as open water aquaculture or open ocean aquaculture, is an emerging approach to mariculture (seawater aquafarming) where fish farms are positioned in deeper and less sheltered waters some distance away from the coast, where the cultivated fish stocks are exposed to more naturalistic living conditions with ...

  5. Aquaculture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture

    Some 16 countries now use geothermal energy for aquaculture, including China, Israel, and the United States. [161] In California, for example, 15 fish farms produce tilapia, bass, and catfish with warm water from underground. This warmer water enables fish to grow all year round and mature more quickly.

  6. Fishing industry in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the...

    It covers 11.4 million square kilometres (4.38 million sq mi), which is the second largest zone in the world, exceeding the land area of the United States. [5] According to the FAO, in 2005, the United States harvested 4,888,621 tonnes of fish from wild fisheries, and another 471,958 tonnes from aquaculture. This made the United States the ...

  7. Mariculture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariculture

    Fish cages containing salmon in Loch Ailort, Scotland, an inshore water. Inshore mariculture is farming marine species such as algae, fish, and shellfish in waters affected by the tide, which include both littoral waters and their estuarine environments, such as bays, brackish rivers, and naturally fed and flushing saltwater ponds.

  8. Photic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photic_zone

    Water absorbs the warmer long wavelengths colours, like reds and oranges, and scatter the cooler short wavelength colours. [11] Most of the solar energy reaching the Earth is in the range of visible light, with wavelengths between about 400-700 nm. Each colour of visible light has a unique wavelength, and together they make up white light.

  9. Mesopelagic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopelagic_zone

    Mesopelagic fish are adapted to a low-light environment. Many fish are black or red, because these colors appear dark due to the limited light penetration at depth. [16] Some fish have rows of photophores, small light-producing organs, on their underside to mimic the surrounding environment. [16]