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Magnetic induction B (also known as magnetic flux density) has the SI unit tesla [T or Wb/m 2]. [1] One tesla is equal to 10 4 gauss. Magnetic field drops off as the inverse cube of the distance ( 1 / distance 3 ) from a dipole source. Energy required to produce laboratory magnetic fields increases with the square of magnetic field. [2]
These are used to make neodymium magnets. The strength of neodymium magnets is the result of several factors. The most important is that the tetragonal Nd 2 Fe 14 B crystal structure has exceptionally high uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy (H A ≈ 7 T – magnetic field strength H in units of A/m versus magnetic moment in A·m 2).
4 T – strength of the superconducting magnet built around the CMS detector at CERN [11] 5.16 T – the strength of a specially designed room temperature Halbach array [12] 8 T – the strength of LHC magnets; 11.75 T – the strength of INUMAC magnets, largest MRI scanner [13] 13 T – strength of the superconducting ITER magnet system [14]
Typical magnetic field strengths within the interstellar medium of the Milky Way are ~5 μG. 0.25–0.60 G – the Earth's magnetic field at its surface; 4 G – near Jupiter's equator; 25 G – the Earth's magnetic field in its core [4] 50 G – a typical refrigerator magnet; 100 G – an iron magnet; 1500 G – within a sun spot [5]
Ferrofluid on glass, with a rare-earth magnet underneath. A rare-earth magnet is a strong permanent magnet made from alloys of rare-earth elements.Developed in the 1970s and 1980s, rare-earth magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets made, producing significantly stronger magnetic fields than other types such as ferrite or alnico magnets.
The magnetic field of permanent magnets can be quite complicated, especially near the magnet. The magnetic field of a small [note 6] straight magnet is proportional to the magnet's strength (called its magnetic dipole moment m). The equations are non-trivial and depend on the distance from the magnet and the orientation of the magnet.
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