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The theca folliculi comprise a layer of the ovarian follicles. They appear as the follicles become secondary follicles. The theca are divided into two layers, the theca interna and the theca externa. [1] Theca cells are a group of endocrine cells in the ovary made up of connective tissue surrounding the follicle.
When theca cells form in the tertiary follicle the amount of estrogen increases sharply (theca-derived androgen is aromatized into estrogen by the granulosa cells). At low concentration, estrogen inhibits gonadotropins, but high concentration of estrogen stimulates them.
An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries.It secretes hormones that influence stages of the menstrual cycle.At the time of puberty, women have approximately 200,000 to 300,000 follicles, [1] [2] each with the potential to release an egg cell (ovum) at ovulation for fertilization. [3]
CCs primarily support growth and development of the oocyte whereas MGCs primarily serve an endocrine function and support the growth of the follicle. Cumulus cells aid in oocyte development and show higher expression of SLC38A3, a transporter for amino acids, and Aldoa, Eno1, Ldh1, Pfkp, Pkm2, and Tpi1, enzymes responsible for glycolysis. [ 7 ]
The theca externa is the outer layer of the theca folliculi. It is derived from connective tissue, the cells resembling fibroblasts , and contains abundant collagen . [ 1 ] During ovulation, the surge in luteinizing hormone increases cAMP which increases progesterone and PGF2α production.
The theca of the spinal cord is called the thecal sac, and intrathecal injections are made there or in the subarachnoid space of the skull. In human embryogenesis , the theca cells form a corpus luteum after a Graafian follicle has expelled its secondary oocyte arrested in second meiosis .
An antral or secondary follicle, also known as Graafian follicle and tertiary follicle, is an ovarian follicle during a certain latter stage of folliculogenesis. Definitions differ in where the shift into an antral follicle occurs in the staging of folliculogenesis, with some stating that it occurs when entering the secondary stage, [ 1 ] and ...
Theca of follicle, antrum and liquor folliculi are also contained in the follicle. Also in the cortex is the corpus luteum derived from the follicles. The innermost layer is the ovarian medulla. [8] It can be hard to distinguish between the cortex and medulla, but follicles are usually not found in the medulla.