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Shockley derives an equation for the voltage across a p-n junction in a long article published in 1949. [2] Later he gives a corresponding equation for current as a function of voltage under additional assumptions, which is the equation we call the Shockley ideal diode equation. [3]
The Shockley diode equation relates the diode current of a p-n junction diode to the diode voltage .This relationship is the diode I-V characteristic: = (), where is the saturation current or scale current of the diode (the magnitude of the current that flows for negative in excess of a few , typically 10 −12 A).
The saturation current (or scale current), more accurately the reverse saturation current, is the part of the reverse current in a semiconductor diode caused by diffusion of minority carriers from the neutral regions to the depletion region. This current is almost independent of the reverse voltage.
The load current I o is equal to the average diode current (I D). As can be seen in Figure 4, the diode current is equal to the inductor current during the off-state. The average value of I o can be sorted out geometrically from figure 4. Therefore, the output current can be written as:
The load current is equal to the average diode current (). As can be seen on figure 4, the diode current is equal to the inductor current during the off-state. Therefore, the output current can be written as: = ¯ =
The diffusion current and drift current together are described by the drift–diffusion equation. [1] It is necessary to consider the part of diffusion current when describing many semiconductor devices. For example, the current near the depletion region of a p–n junction is dominated by the diffusion current. Inside the depletion region ...
It obeys Ohm's law; the current is proportional to the applied voltage over a wide range. Its resistance, equal to the reciprocal of the slope of the line, is constant. A curved I–V line represents a nonlinear resistance, such as a diode. In this type the resistance varies with the applied voltage or current.
By the Shockley diode equation, the current diverted through the diode is: = { []} [7] where I 0, reverse saturation current; n, diode ideality factor (1 for an ideal diode) q, elementary charge; k, Boltzmann constant
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