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A variety of preparation techniques have been reported for the synthesis of silver NPs; notable examples include, laser ablation, gamma irradiation, electron irradiation, chemical reduction, photochemical methods, microwave processing, and biological synthetic methods.
The Silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles had an average size of 52 nm and exhibited an absorption peak at 430 nm.
A comprehensive review on silver nanoparticles: Synthesis approaches, characterization techniques, and recent pharmaceutical, environmental, and antimicrobial applications. Microchem. J. 2023 , 196 , 109615.
Recently, there has been a growing interest in metal nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), due to their distinct physicochemical, biological, and antimicrobial characteristics, making them a novel category of luminescence-based nanomaterials.
1.1. Chemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. The most popular method for synthesizing Ag NPs is the chemical reduction of silver precursors (usually silver salts) by different organic and inorganic reducing agents, often accompanied by stabilization using various capping or stabilizing agents.
Chemical synthesis methods of silver nanoparticles often use three main components: metal precursor, reducing, and stabilising agents. Silver nanoparticles are mainly produced from the reduction (Lee and Jun 2019) of silver salts such as silver nitrate (AgNO 3), silver perchlorate (AgClO 4), and silver tetrafluoroborate (AgBF 4).
Recently, silver nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention for being highly desirable nanomaterials in scientific studies as a result of their extraordinary characteristics. They are widely known as effective antibacterial agents that are capable of targeting a wide range of pathogens.