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Describe the classical free electron model of metals in terms of the concept electron number density; Explain the quantum free-electron model of metals in terms of Pauli’s exclusion principle; Calculate the energy levels and energy-level spacing of a free electron in a metal
Classical free electron theory: The first theory was developed by Drude and Lorentz in 1900. According to this theory, metal contains free electrons which are responsible for the electrical conductivity and electrons obey the laws of classical mechanics.
In solid-state physics, the free electron model is a quantum mechanical model for the behaviour of charge carriers in a metallic solid. It was developed in 1927, [1] principally by Arnold Sommerfeld, who combined the classical Drude model with quantum mechanical Fermi–Dirac statistics and hence it is also known as the Drude–Sommerfeld model.
The classical theory of free electron explains the properties like ohm’s law, metallic luster, etc. but it could not explain heat capacity and the paramagnetic susceptibility of the conduction electrons.
Describe the classical free electron model of metals in terms of the concept electron number density. Explain the quantum free-electron model of metals in terms of Pauli’s exclusion principle. Calculate the energy levels and energy-level spacing of a free electron in a metal.
A free electron model is the simplest way to represent the electronic structure of metals. Although the free electron model is a great oversimplification of the reality, surprisingly in many cases it works pretty well, so that it is able to describe many important properties of metals.
Free electron theory of metals. Alkali metals (K, Na, Rb) and Noble metals (Cu, Ag, Au) have filled shell + 1 outer s-electron. Atomic s-electrons are delocalised due to overlap of outer orbits. Crystal looks like positive ion cores of charge +e embedded in a sea of conduction electrons.
Describe the classical free electron model of metals in terms of the concept electron number density; Explain the quantum free-electron model of metals in terms of Pauli’s exclusion principle; Calculate the energy levels and energy-level spacing of a free electron in a metal
Resource Type: Freely sharing knowledge with learners and educators around the world. Learn more. Lecture notes on the free electron theory of a metal.
The classical free electron theory was introduced by P. Drude in 1900 and developed by Lorentz in 1909 to explain electrical conduction in metals. This theory has some assumptions; they are: The valence electrons of metallic atoms are free to move in the spaces between ions from one place to another place within the metallic specimen similar to ...