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Arinna was located near Hattusa, the Hittite capital. [2] The Sun-Goddess of Arinna is the most important one of three important solar deities of the Hittite pantheon, besides d UTU nepisas 'the sun of the sky' and d UTU taknas 'the sun of the earth'. She was considered to be the chief deity in some sources, in place of her husband.
Possible depiction of a Sun goddess with a child; 15–13th BCE. The Sun goddess of Arinna, also sometimes identified as Arinniti or as Wuru(n)šemu, [1] is the chief Goddess of Hittite mythology. Her companion is the weather god Tarḫunna. She protected the Hittite kingdom and was called the "Queen of all lands."
Though drawing on ancient Mesopotamian religion, the religion of the Hittites and Luwians retains noticeable elements of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European mythology.For example, Tarhunt, the god of thunder and his conflict with the serpent Illuyanka resembles the conflict between Indra and the cosmic serpent Vritra in Vedic mythology, or Thor and the serpent Jörmungandr in Norse mythology.
Surya, the Sun god, rides across the sky in a horse-drawn chariot à la Helios and Sol. Aruna, charioteer of Surya, god of the morning Sun. Aryaman, god of the midday Sun. Savitr, god of the twilight Sun, also known as sunrise and sunset. Mitra, often associated with the Sun. Mihir, meaning Sun. Tapati, Sun goddess.
Tarḫunna was the chief god of the Hittites and is depicted at the front of a long line of male gods in rock reliefs at the sanctuary of Yazılıkaya. There he is depicted as a bearded man with a pointed cap and a sceptre, standing on the backs of the mountain gods Namni and Ḫazzi and holding a three-pronged thunderbolt in his hand.
Lampetia, goddess of light, and one of the Heliades or daughters of Helios , god of the Sun, and of the nymph Neera . Theia , Titaness of sight and the shining light of the clear blue sky. She is the consort of Hyperion and mother of Helios, Selene, and Eos.
The Sun goddess of the Earth (Hittite: taknaš d UTU, Luwian: tiyamaššiš Tiwaz) was the Hittite goddess of the underworld. Her Hurrian equivalent was Allani and her Sumerian/Akkadian equivalent was Ereshkigal , both of which had a marked influence on the Hittite goddess from an early date. [ 1 ]
An exception from the aforementioned rule is the text CTH 322, which has Hittite origin. [1] It is referred to as Telipinu and the Daughter of the Sea God in modern publications. [22] In this composition, the sea, portrayed as a personified deity, kidnaps the Sun god of Heaven and hides him. [23]