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The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms. This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope .
The code in the "Chr.count" column specifies the total number of chromosomes in each somatic cell, and how it relates to the number n of chromosomes in each full genome set (which is also the number found in the pollen or ovule), and the number x of chromosomes in each component genome.
The International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (ISCN; previously the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature) is an international standard for human chromosome nomenclature, which includes band names, symbols, and abbreviated terms used in the description of human chromosome and chromosome abnormalities.
The basic number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of an individual or a species is called the somatic number and is designated 2n. In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23). [4] [5] p28 Thus, in humans 2n = 46. So, in normal diploid organisms, autosomal chromosomes are present in two copies.
Description , Separates modal number (total number of chromosomes), sex chromosomes, and chromosome abnormalities -Loss of a chromosome ( ) Grouping for breakpoints and structurally altered chromosomes + Gain of a chromosome ; Separates rearranged chromosomes and breakpoints involving more than one chromosome / Separates cell lines or clones //
Euploidy and aneuploidy describe having a number of chromosomes that is an exact multiple of the number of chromosomes in a normal gamete; and having any other number, respectively. For example, a person with Turner syndrome may be missing one sex chromosome (X or Y), resulting in a (45,X) karyotype instead of the usual (46,XX) or (46,XY).
Human protein-coding gene pages: •Python code for maintaining the list •List of human protein-coding genes page 1 covers genes A1BG–EPGN •List of human protein-coding genes page 2 covers genes EPHA1–MTMR3
C-value is the amount, in picograms, of DNA contained within a haploid nucleus (e.g. a gamete) or one half the amount in a diploid somatic cell of a eukaryotic organism. In some cases (notably among diploid organisms), the terms C-value and genome size are used interchangeably; however, in polyploids the C-value may represent two or more genomes contained within the same nucleus.