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Republic of Estonia Eesti Vabariik (Estonian) Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm Location of Estonia (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – [Legend] Capital and largest city Tallinn 59°25′N 24°45′E / 59.417°N 24.750°E / 59.417; 24.750 Official language Estonian [a] Ethnic groups (2024) 68% Estonians 22% ...
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland , to the west by the sea across from Sweden , to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Russia .
Estonia is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and a member of the Eurozone. It is a democratic unitary parliamentary republic, administratively subdivided into 15 maakond. With a population of 1.37 million, it is one of the least populous members of the European Union and NATO.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Estonia: Estonia – state of 1.29 million people in the Baltic region of Northern Europe . It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland , to the west by the Baltic Sea , to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). [ 1 ]
Fragments of the Wanradt–Koell Catechism (1535), the first book printed in Estonian. The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.Human settlement in what is now Estonia became possible 13,000,000–11,000,000 years ago, after the ice from the last glacial era had melted, and signs of the first permanent population in the region date from around 9000 BCE.
The culture of Estonia combines an indigenous heritage, represented by the country's Finnic national language Estonian, with Nordic and German cultural aspects. Over the centuries, the culture of modern Estonia has been significantly influenced by that of the Germanic-speaking world . [ 1 ]
Today, Estonia is an ethnically fairly diverse country, ranking 97th out of 239 countries and territories in 2001 study by Kok Kheng Yeoh. [36] In 2008, thirteen of Estonia's fifteen counties were over 80% ethnic Estonian. The counties with the highest percentage Estonians are Hiiu County (98.4%) and Saare County (98.3%).
There are more than 1,400 natural and artificial lakes in Estonia. [2] The largest of them, Lake Peipus (3,555 km 2 or 1,373 sq mi), forms much of the border between Estonia and Russia. [2] Located in central Estonia, Võrtsjärv is the second-largest lake (270 km 2 or 104 sq mi). [2]