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Jaulian (Urdu: جولیاں; meaning Seat of Saints [1]) is a ruined Buddhist monastery dating from the 2nd century CE, [2] located in Taxila, in Pakistan. [3]Jaulian, along with the nearby monastery at Mohra Muradu, form part of the Ruins of Taxila – a collection of excavations that were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.
Taxila, however, is most famous for ruins of several settlements, the earliest dating from around 1000 BCE. It is also known for its collection of Buddhist religious monuments, including the Dharmarajika stupa, the Jaulian monastery, and the Mohra Muradu monastery.
The monastery and the remains of the nearby city of Seri Bahlol from the Kushan period are some of the most important Buddhist monuments in the Gandhara region. The monastery is the most complete Buddhist monastery in Pakistan and comprises several groups of stupas, monastic cells, temples, and secular buildings. [7]
There are over 50 archaeological sites scattered around Taxila. Some of the most important sites are the Dhamarajika Stupa and Monastery (300 BC – 200 AD), Bhir Mound (600–200 BC), Sirkap (200 BC – 600 AD), Jandial Temple (c.250 BC) and Jaulian Monastery (200 – 600 AD). [58]
The Dharmarajika Stupa (Punjabi, Urdu: دھرم راجک اسٹوپا), also referred to as the Great Stupa of Taxila, is a Buddhist stupa near Taxila, Pakistan.It was built over the relics of the Buddha by Ashoka, the Emperor of Magadha, in the 3rd century BCE.
Mohra Muradu (Urdu: موہرا مرادو) is the place of an ancient Buddhist stupa and monastery near the ruins of Taxila, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. [1] The ancient monastery is located in a valley and has views of the surrounding mountains.
Panorama of the Jaulian monastery Ruins of Dharmarajika Stupa in Taxila. It was destroyed during the Hunnic invasions in the 6th century. Taxila's archaeological sites lie near modern Taxila about 35 km (22 mi) northwest of the city of Rawalpindi. [33]
A tower-shaped stupa, thought to be the design of the second (rebuilt) Kanishka Stupa, Jaulian monastery [35] Stupa-shaped reliquary, Kushan period, about 2nd century CE Chilas petroglyphs, Buddhist stupa, c. 300–350 CE based on paleography [ 36 ]