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Literature written in Hindi-Urdu was not common prior to the 1700s. [14] In North India, rich literary cultures existed in Awadhi and Brajbhasha, with earliest Awadhi texts dating to the 14th century. [15] In Delhi, poets wrote in Persian, while Rekhta/Hindvi (what is now recognizable as Hindi-Urdu) did not have the same literary recognition. [16]
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language.While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana (افسانہ).
Rekhta is an Indian web portal started by Rekhta Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the Urdu literature. [4] The Rekhta Library Project, its books preservation initiative, has successfully digitized approximately 200,000 books over a span of ten years. [5]
Deccani literature (Urdu: ادبیات دكهنى, “Adbiyāt-i-DakhNi Urdū”) is the literature produced in the Deccani dialect of the Urdu language. [1] The earliest forms of Deccani literature are in the form of Sufi and Bhakti texts with poetic genres. [ 1 ]
Ferromagnetism: A state of matter with spontaneous magnetization. Antiferromagnetism: A state of matter in which the neighboring spin are antiparallel with each other, and there is no net magnetization. Ferrimagnetism: A state in which local moments partially cancel. Altermagnetism: A state with zero net magnetization and spin-split electronic ...
Khuda Ki Basti (transl. God's Own Land) [1] is a Pakistani Urdu novel penned by Shaukat Siddiqui in 1957. [2] The novel is about life in a Karachi slum built after the independence of Pakistan in 1947 and the struggles in the lives of poor people living there. Khuda Ki Basti TV drama serials were made in 1969 and 1974 based on the novel. [3] [4]
Forms of matter that are not composed of molecules and are organized by different forces can also be considered different states of matter. Superfluids (like Fermionic condensate) and the quark–gluon plasma are examples. In a chemical equation, the state of matter of the chemicals may be shown as (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, and (g) for gas.
A kulliyyāt (from Arabic: كلّيّات kulliyyāt; Persian: کلیات kolliyyât; Azerbaijani: külliyyat; Urdu: کلیات; Uzbek: kulliyat) is a collection of the poetry of any one poet. Cover of the 1872 translation of the works of Mirza Muhammad Rafi Sauda (1713–1781) Kulliyat is one of the principal collection forms of Urdu poetry ...