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Cardiac markers are used for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome and for management and prognosis in patients with diseases like acute heart failure. Most of the early markers identified were enzymes, and as a result, the term "cardiac enzymes" is sometimes used. However, not ...
Now, the markers most widely used in detection of MI are MB subtype of the enzyme creatine kinase and cardiac troponins T and I as they are more specific for myocardial injury. The cardiac troponins T and I which are released within 4–6 hours of an attack of MI and remain elevated for up to 2 weeks, have nearly complete tissue specificity and ...
The SOD2 enzyme is an important constituent in apoptotic signaling and oxidative stress, most notably as part of the mitochondrial death pathway and cardiac myocyte apoptosis signaling. [11] Programmed cell death is a distinct genetic and biochemical pathway essential to metazoans.
Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, or major adverse cardiac events) is a composite endpoint frequently used in cardiovascular research. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Despite widespread use of the term in clinical trials, the definitions of MACE can differ, which makes comparison of similar studies difficult.
Werner Theodor Otto Forßmann (Forssmann in English; German pronunciation: [ˈvɛʁnɐ ˈfɔʁsˌman] ⓘ; 29 August 1904 – 1 June 1979) was a German researcher and physician from Germany who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Medicine (with Andre Frederic Cournand and Dickinson W. Richards) for developing a procedure that allowed cardiac catheterization.
Cardiac Enzymes - elevated troponin and brain natriuretic peptide may indicate stress on the heart [3] Pregnancy Test - pre-eclampsia in pregnancy can cause dangerously high blood pressure [ 3 ] Lactate - rising lactate in the blood indicates that areas of the body are not getting enough oxygen [ 11 ]
guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) also known as natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA/ANP A) or NPR1; guanylyl cyclase-B (GC-B) also known as natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPRB/ANP B) or NPR2; natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPRC/ANP C) or NPR3; NPR-A and NPR-B have a single membrane-spanning segment with an extracellular domain that binds the ...
Also known as 'effort angina', this refers to the classic type of angina related to myocardial ischemia.A typical presentation of stable angina is that of chest discomfort and associated symptoms precipitated by some activity (running, walking, etc.) with minimal or non-existent symptoms at rest or after administration of sublingual nitroglycerin. [11]