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In social psychology, reciprocity is a social norm of responding to an action executed by another person with a similar or equivalent action. This typically results in rewarding positive actions and punishing negative ones. [1] As a social construct, reciprocity means that in response to friendly actions, people are generally nicer and more ...
The positive reciprocity norm is a common social expectation in which a person who helps another person can expect positive feedback whether in the form of a gift, a compliment, a loan, a job reference, etc. In social psychology, positive reciprocity refers to responding to a positive action with another positive action (rewarding kind actions).
Anthropologists and sociologists have often claimed, however, that having some version of the norm appears to be a social inevitability. [1] Reciprocity figures prominently in social exchange theory, [2] evolutionary psychology, social psychology, [3] cultural anthropology and rational choice theory. [4]
Reciprocity (social psychology), in-kind positively or negatively connoted responses of individuals towards the actions of others; Ethic of reciprocity (the Golden Rule), that one should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself; Serial reciprocity, in which the benefactor of a gift or service will in turn provide benefits to a ...
Social preferences describe the human tendency to not only care about one's own material payoff, but also the reference group's payoff or/and the intention that leads to the payoff. [1] Social preferences are studied extensively in behavioral and experimental economics and social psychology.
Reciprocal altruism has since become one of the major theoretical foundations of evolutionary psychology and game theory, and the repeated prisoner's dilemma game has also become popular tools by which to derive and test evolutionary psychological concepts. Social interactions similar in form to Tit for Tat are prevalent in our daily lives.
The exchange is less social, and is dominated by the material exchange and individual interests. [2]: 194–5 Negative reciprocity is the attempt to get "something for nothing with impunity." It may be described as 'haggling,' 'barter,' or 'theft.'
Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility that an individual's behavior may be conditioned through the use of consequences. At the same time he asserts that a ...