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  2. Risk-neutral measure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk-neutral_measure

    The absence of arbitrage is crucial for the existence of a risk-neutral measure. In fact, by the fundamental theorem of asset pricing, the condition of no-arbitrage is equivalent to the existence of a risk-neutral measure. Completeness of the market is also important because in an incomplete market there are a multitude of possible prices for ...

  3. Probability of default - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_of_default

    The risk of default is derived by analyzing the obligor's capacity to repay the debt in accordance with contractual terms. PD is generally associated with financial characteristics such as inadequate cash flow to service debt, declining revenues or operating margins, high leverage, declining or marginal liquidity, and the inability to ...

  4. Credit valuation adjustment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_valuation_adjustment

    where is the maturity of the longest transaction in the portfolio, is the future value of one unit of the base currency invested today at the prevailing interest rate for maturity , is the loss given default, is the time of default, () is the exposure at time , and (,) is the risk neutral probability of counterparty default between times and .

  5. Fundamental theorem of asset pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_theorem_of...

    In a discrete (i.e. finite state) market, the following hold: [2] The First Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing: A discrete market on a discrete probability space (,,) is arbitrage-free if, and only if, there exists at least one risk neutral probability measure that is equivalent to the original probability measure, P.

  6. Internal ratings-based approach (credit risk) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Ratings-Based...

    Estimate the risk parameters—probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), exposure at default (EAD), maturity (M)—that are inputs to risk-weight functions designed for each asset class to arrive at the total risk weighted assets (RWA) The regulatory capital for credit risk is then calculated as 8% of the total RWA under Basel II.

  7. Bankruptcy vs. default: Which route is best for you? - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/bankruptcy-vs-default-route...

    A default will remain on your credit report on your credit report for seven years. It can make it very difficult to qualify for another loan or credit card in the future. You may also lose any ...

  8. Government default in June is 'a significant risk,' two new ...

    www.aol.com/finance/government-default-june...

    Two new analyses this week see signs that a turmoil-inducing government default could come “sooner than anticipated” unless Washington acts. Government default in June is 'a significant risk ...

  9. Implicit contract theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit_contract_theory

    The earliest studies to employ implicit contracts models in capital markets see the existence of credit rationing as part of an equilibrium risk-sharing arrangement between a bank and its customer: the bank is risk neutral, and the borrower is risk averse, hence they gain from a long term relationship via shifting the interest rate risk from ...