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  2. Charles Martel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Martel

    Charles Martel (/ m ɑːr ˈ t ɛ l /; c. 688 – 22 October 741), [3] Martel being a sobriquet in Old French for "The Hammer", was a Frankish political and military leader who, as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of the Franks from 718 until his death.

  3. Carolingian Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_Empire

    Charles the Bald, supported by the pope, was crowned both king of Italy and emperor. The following year, Louis the German died. Charles tried to annex his realm too, but was defeated decisively at Andernach, and the Kingdom of the eastern Franks was divided between Louis the Younger, Carloman of Bavaria and Charles the Fat.

  4. Merovingian dynasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty

    Under Charles Martel's leadership, the Franks defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours in 732. After the victory of 718 of the Bulgarian Khan Tervel and the Emperor of Byzantium Leo III the Isaurian over the Arabs led by Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik prevented the attempts of Islam to expand into eastern Europe, the victory of Charles Martel at ...

  5. Battle of Tours - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tours

    The Age of Charles Martel. Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-06476-7; Gibbon, Edward The Battle of Tours [permanent dead link ‍], The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire; Grant, Michael History of Rome; Grunebaum, Gustave von (2005). Classical Islam: A History, 600 A.D. to 1258 A.D. Aldine Transaction. ISBN 0-202-30767-0; Hanson ...

  6. Carolingian dynasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty

    The Carolingian dynasty (/ ˌ k ær ə ˈ l ɪ n dʒ i ə n / KARR-ə-LIN-jee-ən; [1] known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charles Martel and his grandson Charlemagne, descendants of the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. [2]

  7. Royal household under the Merovingians and Carolingians

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_household_under_the...

    Adalard of Corbie, grandson of Charles Martel, played a key role in the rule of Louis the Pious; Hincmar, Archbishop of Reims, principal advisor, friend, and chief propagandist for Charles the Bald. [2] Lord Chancellor. The officer of state responsible for the judiciary and was responsible for seeing that royal decrees were enrolled and ...

  8. Charles Martel of Anjou - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Martel_of_Anjou

    Charles Martel died of the plague in Naples. His son, Charles (or Charles Robert), later succeeded in winning the throne of Hungary. [2] Charles was known personally to Dante: in the Divine Comedy, the poet speaks warmly of and to Charles's spirit when they meet in the Heaven of Venus (in Paradiso VIII–IX).

  9. Pepin the Short - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepin_the_Short

    This was the first recorded crowning of a civil ruler by a Pope. [11] As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne), who was 12, and Carloman, who was 3.