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Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare chronic blistering skin disease and the most common form of pemphigus.Pemphigus was derived from the Greek word pemphix, meaning blister. [1] It is classified as a type II hypersensitivity reaction in which antibodies are formed against desmosomes, components of the skin that function to keep certain layers of skin bound to each other.
Oral lichen planus [1] Cicatricial pemphigoid [1] or less commonly bullous pemphigoid [1] Pemphigus vulgaris [1] Linear immunoglobulin A disease [1] Dermatitis herpetiformis [1] Lupus erythematosus [1] Chronic ulcerative stomatitis [1] Chronic bacterial, fungal, and viral infections [1] Reactions to medications, mouthwashes, and chewing gum [1 ...
Skin lesions caused by pemphigus can lead to fatal infections, so treatment is extremely important. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV - ICD-10 L10.0) is the most common form of the disorder and occurs when antibodies attack desmoglein 3. Sores often originate in the mouth, making eating difficult and uncomfortable.
If no lesions are present on examination it may be useful way of demonstrating reduced epithelial adhesion. In contrast, in Pemphigus, the epithelium tends to disintegrate rather than form a bulla. Nikolsky's sign is present in pemphigus and mucous membrane pemphigoid, but not in bullous pemphigoid.
Pemphigus vulgaris: An autoimmune chronic disease with clinical presentation of formation of superficial and large blisters which then burst into ulcers on the skin or mucous membrane. [ 18 ] [ 26 ] Mucous-membrane pemphigoid : Autoimmune disease which affects only mucous membranes with clinical presentation of hard and rigid blisters which ...
Certain mucocutaneous produce gingival inflammation which may manifest as desquamative gingivitis or oral ulceration. Such conditions include lichen planus, pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, erythema multiforme, and lupus erythematosus. [6] Allergic reactions may also trigger gingival lesions.
A 2010 (updated in 2023) meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials showed that oral steroids and potent topical steroids are effective treatments, although their use may be limited by side-effects, while lower doses of topical steroids are safe and effective for treatment of moderate bullous pemphigoid.
Oral mucosa is the most common site being affected in mucous membrane pemphigoid. For the mild oral mucosa lesion, high potency topical steroids such as 0.05% Clobetasol propionate is used. Patients are instructed to apply the ointment or gel 2-3 times a day after drying the oral mucosa to enhance the adherence of mediation to oral mucosa.