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where H is HDL cholesterol, L is LDL cholesterol, C is total cholesterol, T are triglycerides, and k is 0.20 if the quantities are measured in mg/dL and 0.45 if in mmol/L. There are limitations to this method, most notably that samples must be obtained after a 12 to 14 h fast and that LDL-C cannot be calculated if plasma triglyceride is >4.52 ...
Cholesterol is tested to determine for "normal" or "desirable" levels if a person has a total cholesterol of 5.2 mmol/L or less (200 mg/dL), an HDL value of more than 1 mmol/L (40 mg/dL, "the higher, the better"), an LDL value of less than 2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL), and a triglycerides level of less than 1.7 mmol/L (150 mg/dL). [104] [3] Blood ...
mg/dL < 100 mg/dL [63] or 1.1 mmol/L [63] 0.61 [64] 1.2 [64] mmol/L 40–59 years: 70 [23] 150 [23] mg/dL 0.77 [64] 1.7 [64] mmol/L > 60 years: 80 [23] 150 [23] mg/dL 0.9 [64] 1.7 [64] mmol/L Total cholesterol: 3.0, [65] 3.6 [14] [65] 5.0, [5] [66] 6.5 [14] mmol/L < 3.9 mmol/L [63] 120, [15] 140 [14] 200, [15] 250 [14] mg/dL < 150 mg/dL [63 ...
The Friedewald method is reasonably reliable for the majority of patients, but is notably inaccurate in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (> 400 mg/dL or 4.5 mmol/L). It also underestimates LDL-C in patients with low LDL-C (< 25 mg/dL or 0.6 mmol/L). It does not take into account intermediate-density lipoprotein. [1]
Increasing soluble fiber consumption has been shown to reduce levels of LDL cholesterol, with each additional gram of soluble fiber reducing LDL by an average of 2.2 mg/dL (0.057 mmol/L). [65] Increasing consumption of whole grains also reduces LDL cholesterol, with whole grain oats being particularly effective. [66]
In routine cholesterol testing, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) is not directly measured, rather it is estimated using the Friedewald equation, is generally inaccurate when patients are not fasting because of its dependence on triglycerides levels in the calculation. Also, estimated LDL-C is falsely low when directly measured LDL-C is < 100 mg/dL or ...
LDL cholesterol is produced naturally by the body, but eating a diet high in saturated fat, trans fats, and cholesterol can increase LDL levels. [43] Elevated LDL levels are associated with diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and atherosclerosis. In a fasting lipid panel, a LDL greater than 160 mg/dL is abnormal. [37] [39]
The 1987 report of National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panels suggest the total blood cholesterol level should be: <200 mg/dl normal blood cholesterol, 200–239 mg/dl borderline-high, >240 mg/dl high cholesterol. [2]
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