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The convention for a nucleic acid sequence is to list the nucleotides as they occur from the 5' end to the 3' end of the polymer chain, where 5' and 3' refer to the numbering of carbons around the ribose ring which participate in forming the phosphate diester linkages of the chain. Such a sequence is called the primary structure of the biopolymer.
A polymer (/ ˈ p ɒ l ɪ m ər / [4] [5]) is a substance or material that consists of very large molecules, or macromolecules, that are constituted by many repeating subunits derived from one or more species of monomers. [6] Due to their broad spectrum of properties, [7] both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles ...
Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures of chemicals, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic chemistry ...
Biodegradable polymers have a long history, and since many are natural products, the precise timeline of their discovery and use cannot be accurately traced. One of the first medicinal uses of a biodegradable polymer was the catgut suture , which dates back to at least 100 AD. [ 4 ]
Note 1: Artificial polymer should also be used in the case of chemically modified biopolymers. Note 2: Biochemists are now capable of synthesizing copies of biopolymers that should be named Synthetic biopolymer to make a distinction with true biopolymers. Note 3: Genetic engineering is now capable of generating non-natural analogues
Polymer science or macromolecular science is a subfield of materials science concerned with polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers. The field of polymer science includes researchers in multiple disciplines including chemistry , physics , and engineering .
Natural polyphenols have long been proposed as renewable precursors to produce plastics or resins by polymerization with formaldehyde, [33] as well as adhesives for particleboards. [34] The aims are generally to make use of plant residues from grape, olive (called pomaces ), or pecan shells left after processing.
Structure of natural rubber, exhibiting the characteristic methyl group on the alkene group The one terpene that has major applications is natural rubber (i.e., polyisoprene ). The possibility that other terpenes could be used as precursors to produce synthetic polymers has been investigated as an alternative to the use of petroleum-based ...