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An Einstein Ring is a special case of gravitational lensing, caused by the exact alignment of the source, lens, and observer. This results in symmetry around the lens, causing a ring-like structure. [2] The geometry of a complete Einstein ring, as caused by a gravitational lens. The size of an Einstein ring is given by the Einstein radius.
A(u) always decreases as u increases, so the closer the alignment, the brighter the source becomes. As u approaches infinity, A(u) approaches 1, so that at wide separations, microlensing has no effect. Finally, as u approaches 0, for a point source A(u) approaches infinity as the images approach an Einstein ring.
The aqua circle is the light source as it would be seen if there were no lens, while white spots are the multiple images of the source (see Einstein ring). A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle , that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer.
Strong gravitational lensing is a gravitational lensing effect that is strong enough to produce multiple images, arcs, or Einstein rings. Generally, for strong lensing to occur, the projected lens mass density must be greater than the critical density, that is . For point-like background sources, there will be multiple images; for extended ...
A new photograph from the Hubble Space Telescope shows a stunning “Einstein Ring” billions of light-years from Earth — a phenomenon named after Albert Einstein.
The Einstein radius is the radius of an Einstein ring, and is a characteristic angle for gravitational lensing in general, as typical distances between images in gravitational lensing are of the order of the Einstein radius.
Note A diverges for images at the Einstein radius . In cases there are multiple point lenses plus a smooth background of (dark) particles of surface density Σ c r κ s m o o t h , {\displaystyle \Sigma _{\rm {cr}}\kappa _{\rm {smooth}},} the time arrival surface is
Relativistic Einstein rings are ringed shaped images occurring due to light deflection ^ > when the light source, the lens (the deflector), and the observer are perfectly aligned. Obviously, relativistic Einstein rings are relativistic images for the case when the source, lens, and observer are aligned.