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A hypothesis (pl.: hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. A scientific hypothesis must be based on observations and make a testable and reproducible prediction about reality , in a process beginning with an educated guess or thought.
Like theories and hypotheses, laws make predictions; specifically, they predict that new observations will conform to the given law. Laws can be falsified if they are found in contradiction with new data. Some laws are only approximations of other more general laws, and are good approximations with a restricted domain of applicability.
However, these laws were then determined to be special cases of a more general theory , which explained both the (previously unexplained) exceptions to Newton's laws and predicted and explained other observations such as the deflection of light by gravity. Thus, in certain cases independent, unconnected, scientific observations can be connected ...
A theory does not change into a scientific law with the accumulation of new or better evidence. A theory will always remain a theory; a law will always remain a law. [33] [36] [37] Both theories and laws could potentially be falsified by countervailing evidence. [38] Theories and laws are also distinct from hypotheses.
The phenomenon to be explained is the explanandum—an event, law, or theory—whereas the premises to explain it are explanans, true or highly confirmed, containing at least one universal law, and entailing the explanandum. [6] [7] Thus, given the explanans as initial, specific conditions C 1, C 2, ... C n plus general laws L 1, L 2, ...
Number theory: Euclid: Euler's theorem See also: List of things named after Leonhard Euler: Number theory: Leonhard Euler: Faraday's law of induction Faraday's law of electrolysis: Electromagnetism Chemistry: Michael Faraday: Faxén's law: Fluid dynamics: Hilding Faxén: Fermat's principle Fermat's Last Theorem Fermat's little theorem: Optics ...
Jurisprudence, also known as theory of law or philosophy of law, is the examination in a general perspective of what law is and what it ought to be.It investigates issues such as the definition of law; legal validity; legal norms and values; as well as the relationship between law and other fields of study, including economics, ethics, history, sociology, and political philosophy.
The preceding axioms provide the statistical proof and basis for the laws of randomness, or objective chance from where modern statistical theory has advanced. Experimental data, however, can never prove that the hypotheses (h) is true, but relies on an inductive inference by measuring the probability of the hypotheses relative to the empirical ...