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The original use of interpolation polynomials was to approximate values of important transcendental functions such as natural logarithm and trigonometric functions.Starting with a few accurately computed data points, the corresponding interpolation polynomial will approximate the function at an arbitrary nearby point.
The simplest interpolation method is to locate the nearest data value, and assign the same value. In simple problems, this method is unlikely to be used, as linear interpolation (see below) is almost as easy, but in higher-dimensional multivariate interpolation, this could be a favourable choice for its speed and simplicity.
Linear interpolation on a data set (red points) consists of pieces of linear interpolants (blue lines). Linear interpolation on a set of data points (x 0, y 0), (x 1, y 1), ..., (x n, y n) is defined as piecewise linear, resulting from the concatenation of linear segment interpolants between each pair of data points.
Lagrange and other interpolation at equally spaced points, as in the example above, yield a polynomial oscillating above and below the true function. This behaviour tends to grow with the number of points, leading to a divergence known as Runge's phenomenon ; the problem may be eliminated by choosing interpolation points at Chebyshev nodes .
In numerical analysis, multivariate interpolation or multidimensional interpolation is interpolation on multivariate functions, having more than one variable or defined over a multi-dimensional domain. [1] A common special case is bivariate interpolation or two-dimensional interpolation, based on two variables or two dimensions.
Modern improvements on Brent's method include Chandrupatla's method, which is simpler and faster for functions that are flat around their roots; [3] [4] Ridders' method, which performs exponential interpolations instead of quadratic providing a simpler closed formula for the iterations; and the ITP method which is a hybrid between regula-falsi ...
Example showing non-monotone cubic interpolation (in red) and monotone cubic interpolation (in blue) of a monotone data set. Monotone interpolation can be accomplished using cubic Hermite spline with the tangents m i {\displaystyle m_{i}} modified to ensure the monotonicity of the resulting Hermite spline.
The problem of generating a function whose graph passes through a given set of function values is called interpolation. This interpolation formula is named after the Danish mathematician Thorvald N. Thiele. It is expressed as a continued fraction, where ρ represents the reciprocal difference: