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Additionally, time dilations due to height differences of less than one metre have been experimentally verified in the laboratory. [14] Gravitational time dilation in the form of gravitational redshift has also been confirmed by the Pound–Rebka experiment and observations of the spectra of the white dwarf Sirius B.
Gravity gradiometry is the study of variations in the Earth's gravity field via measurements of the spatial gradient of gravitational acceleration. The gravity gradient tensor is a 3x3 tensor representing the partial derivatives, along each coordinate axis , of each of the three components of the acceleration vector ( g = [ g x g y g z ] T ...
The gravity g′ at depth d is given by g′ = g(1 − d/R) where g is acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Earth, d is depth and R is the radius of the Earth. If the density decreased linearly with increasing radius from a density ρ 0 at the center to ρ 1 at the surface, then ρ(r) = ρ 0 − (ρ 0 − ρ 1) r / R, and the ...
The curve of fastest descent is not a straight or polygonal line (blue) but a cycloid (red).. In physics and mathematics, a brachistochrone curve (from Ancient Greek βράχιστος χρόνος (brákhistos khrónos) 'shortest time'), [1] or curve of fastest descent, is the one lying on the plane between a point A and a lower point B, where B is not directly below A, on which a bead slides ...
It is independent of the distance to the plate (as can be proven most simply with Gauss's law for gravity, but can also be proven directly with Newton's law of gravity). The value of G {\displaystyle G} is 6.67 × 10 −11 N m 2 kg −2 , so g {\displaystyle g} is 4.191 × 10 −10 N m 2 kg −2 times the mass per unit area.
For such problems, the rotation of the Earth would be immaterial unless variations with longitude are modeled. Also, the variation in gravity with altitude becomes important, especially for highly elliptical orbits. The Earth Gravitational Model 1996 contains 130,676 coefficients that refine the model of the Earth's gravitational field.
General relativity also predicts novel effects of gravity, such as gravitational waves, gravitational lensing and an effect of gravity on time known as gravitational time dilation. Many of these predictions have been confirmed by experiment or observation, most recently gravitational waves.
A tautochrone curve or isochrone curve (from Ancient Greek ταὐτό 'same' ἴσος 'equal' and χρόνος 'time') is the curve for which the time taken by an object sliding without friction in uniform gravity to its lowest point is independent of its starting point on the curve.