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The number of possible values that an integer bit depth can represent can be calculated by using 2 n, where n is the bit depth. [1] Thus, a 16-bit system has a resolution of 65,536 (2 16) possible values. Integer PCM audio data is typically stored as signed numbers in two's complement format. [2]
The Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio is a multiple of the bit depth. Audio CDs use a bit depth of 16-bits, while DVD-Video and Blu-ray discs can use 24-bit audio. The maximum dynamic range of a 16-bit system is about 96 dB, [10] while for 24 bit it is about 144 dB.
The value of n equals the resolution of the system in bits or the resolution of the system minus 1 bit (the measure error). For example, a 16-bit system has a theoretical minimum noise floor of −98.09 dBFS relative to a full-scale sine wave:
Bit depth may refer to: Color depth , also known as bit depth, the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel Audio bit depth , the number of bits of information in each sample of digital audio
Typically, a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter may have a dynamic range of between 90 and 95 dB, [8]: 132 whereas the signal-to-noise ratio (roughly the equivalent of dynamic range, noting the absence of quantization noise but presence of tape hiss) of a professional reel-to-reel ¼-inch tape recorder would be between 60 and 70 dB at the ...
Direct Stream Digital (DSD) is a trademark used by Sony and Philips for their system for digitally encoding audio signals for the Super Audio CD (SACD).. DSD uses delta-sigma modulation, a form of pulse-density modulation encoding, a technique to represent audio signals in digital format, a sequence of single-bit values at a sampling rate of 2.8224 MHz.
Where circuit costs are high and loss of voice quality is acceptable, it sometimes makes sense to compress the voice signal even further. An ADPCM algorithm is used to map a series of 8-bit μ-law or A-law PCM samples into a series of 4-bit ADPCM samples. In this way, the capacity of the line is doubled. The technique is detailed in the G.726 ...
S/PDIF can also transport 24-bit samples by way of four extra bits; however, not all equipment supports this, and these extra bits may be ignored. To transmit sources with less than 20 bits of sample accuracy, the superfluous bits will be set to zero, and the 4:1–3 bits (sample length) are set accordingly.
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