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Buffer capacity falls to 33% of the maximum value at pH = pK a ± 1, to 10% at pH = pK a ± 1.5 and to 1% at pH = pK a ± 2. For this reason the most useful range is approximately p K a ± 1. When choosing a buffer for use at a specific pH, it should have a p K a value as close as possible to that pH.
Heat capacity: C p: Energy per unit temperature change J/K L 2 M T −2 Θ −1: extensive Heat flux density: ϕ Q: Heat flow per unit time per unit surface area W/m 2: M T −3: Illuminance: E v: Wavelength-weighted luminous flux per unit surface area lux (lx = cd⋅sr/m 2) L −2 J: Impedance: Z: Resistance to an alternating current of a ...
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Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The buffer helps to maintain a constant pH.
Good sought to identify buffering compounds which met several criteria likely to be of value in biological research. pK a: Because most biological reactions take place near-neutral pH between 6 and 8, ideal buffers would have pK a values in this region to provide maximum buffering capacity there.
digital imaging (smallest addressable unit) Power factor: pf = electrical (real power to apparent power) Power number: N p = fluid mechanics, power consumption by rotary agitators; resistance force versus inertia force) Prater number: β
For example, heat capacity is an extensive property of a system. Dividing heat capacity, , by the mass of the system gives the specific heat capacity, , which is an intensive property. When the extensive property is represented by an upper-case letter, the symbol for the corresponding intensive property is usually represented by a lower-case ...
A unit of volume is a unit of measurement for measuring volume or capacity, the extent of an object or space in three dimensions. Units of capacity may be used to specify the volume of fluids or bulk goods, for example water, rice, sugar, grain or flour.