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Pepsin / ˈ p ɛ p s ɪ n / is an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. It is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive systems of humans and many other animals, where it helps digest the proteins in food. Pepsin is an aspartic protease, using a catalytic aspartate in its active site. [2]
Trypsin is the major PAR2 cleaving protease that initiates inflammatory signaling. It was found that even thrombin in high concentrations is able to cleave PAR2. [ 15 ] Another PAR2 cleaving protease is tryptase, the main protease of mast cells, which by PAR2 proteolytic cleavage induces calcium signaling and proliferation. [ 16 ]
The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H + /K + ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach.It exchanges potassium from the intestinal lumen with cytoplasmic hydronium [2] and is the enzyme primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents and the activation of the digestive enzyme pepsin [3] (see gastric acid).
Renal physiology (Latin renes, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney. This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of fluid balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules ...
This high rate of turnover is a protective mechanism designed to protect the epithelial lining of the stomach from both the proteolytic action of pepsin and the acid produced by parietal cells. [8] Gastric chief cells are much longer lived and are believed to differentiate from stem cells located higher in the gastric unit in the isthmus. [ 9 ]
Beans are classified as a fiber-rich food, also called prebiotics, which feed the good bacteria in the gut and support the microbiome and immune function, says Zumpano. Beans also contain complex ...
Nephritis can often be caused by infections and toxins, but it is most commonly caused by autoimmune disorders that affect the major organs like kidneys. [5]Pyelonephritis is inflammation that results from a urinary tract infection that reaches the renal pelvis of the kidney.
Certain foods can increase inflammation, but pinto beans are not one of them. "Pinto beans contain antioxidants like kaempferol, which can fight free radicals in the body," Gervacio says.