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In the 16th century, Spain and Portugal were in the vanguard of European global exploration and colonial expansion. The two kingdoms on the conquest and Iberian Peninsula competed with each other in opening of trade routes across the oceans. Spanish imperial conquest and colonization began with the Canary Islands in 1312 and 1402.
Map of 1720 showing the interior kingdoms of peninsular Spain during the Ancient Regime. Map of 1841, made by J. Archer, showing for Spain the territorial division of Floridablanca of 1785. [2] Philip V created, taking as a base the pre-existing provinces created by the Austrias, the institution of the intendancies. Although it is true that ...
Spain, [f] officially the Kingdom of Spain, [a] [g] is a country in Southwestern Europe with territories in North Africa. [ h ] Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe , it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state.
In Europe, Spain had been trying to divest Maria Theresa of the Duchy of Milan in northern Italy since 1741, but faced the opposition of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, and warfare in northern Italy remained indecisive throughout the period up to 1746.
The Iberian Peninsula (IPA: / aɪ ˈ b ɪər i ə n / eye-BEER-ee-ən), [a] also known as Iberia, [b] is a peninsula in south-western Europe.Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of Peninsular Spain [c] and Continental Portugal, comprising most of the region, as well as the tiny adjuncts of Andorra, Gibraltar, and, pursuant to the ...
The Middle Ages in Spain are often said to end in 1492 with the final acts of the Reconquista in the capitulation of the Nasrid Emirate of Granada and the Alhambra decree ordering the expulsion of the Jews. Early modern Spain was first united as an institution in the reign of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor as Charles I of Spain.
Historiography of Spain generally treats this as the formation of the Kingdom of Spain, but officially speaking, the two kingdoms continued with their own separate institutions for more than two centuries. It was not until the Nueva Planta decrees of 1707–1716 that the two lands were formally merged into a single state.
Spain was not yet at peace, as the aggressive Henry II of France came to the throne in 1547 and renewed the conflict between the two countries four years later. Charles' successor, Philip II, aggressively conducted the war against France, crushing a French army at the Battle of St. Quentin in Picardy in 1557 and defeating Henry again at the ...