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The Philippine revolution brought a wave of nationalistic literary works, with propagandists and revolutionaries advocating for Filipino representation or independence from Spanish authority. Illustrados like Pedro Alejandro Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Jose Rizal contributed to the development of Philippine literature.
Philippine literature in English has its roots in the efforts of the United States, then engaged in a war with Filipino nationalist forces at the end of the 19th century. By 1901, public education was institutionalized in the Philippines , with English serving as the medium of instruction.
Before the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, the Philippines was split into numerous barangays, small states that were linked through region-wide trade networks. [1]: 26–27 The name "barangay" is thought to come from the word balangay, which refers to boats used by the Austronesian people to reach the Philippines. [2]
Peterson, Don (2007), 1898: Five Philippine Governors-General Serve Rapid Fire Terms (PDF), Philippine Philatelic Journal. Ricarte, Artemio (1926), The Hispano-Philippine Revolution, Yokohama {}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher This book was published by Ricarte himself, includes his memoirs on the Philippine Revolution.
Much of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating the first unified political structure known as the Philippines. Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of Christianity, the code of law, and the oldest modern university in Asia. The Philippines was ruled under the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain. After this, the colony was ...
The critical role played by the Filipinos in shaping the Philippine national history in this period is well highlighted and analyzed based on the accounts on the revolution and the Philippine–American War as it describes the social, economic, political, and cultural conditions of the Philippines. [23]
The ilustrado class was composed of Philippine-born and/or raised intellectuals and cut across ethnolinguistic and racial lines—mestizos (both de Sangleyes and de Español), insulares, and indios, among others—and sought reform through "a more equitable arrangement of both political and economic power" under Spanish tutelage.
With an introduction written by Zeus A. Salazar, Agpalo’s book is a “major contribution” to Filipinology that covers important areas of political science in the Philippines, including political dynamics, comparative government, comparative politics, Philippine government, Philippine politics, political philosophy, political theory ...