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The Act was reauthorized in 1983, 1990, 1997, and 2004. In 1997 the Act was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Most recently, President George W. Bush signed the Act into law on December 3, 2004 (Public Law 108-446).
Disability studies in education (DSE) is a field of academic study concerned with education research and practice related to disability.DSE scholars promote an understanding of disability from a social model of disability perspective to "challenge social, medical, and psychological models of disability as they relate to education". [1]
Because the law does not clearly state to what degree the least restrictive environment is, courts have had to interpret the LRE principle. In a landmark case interpreting IDEA's predecessor statute (EHA), Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education (1989), it was determined that students with disabilities have a right to be included in both academic and extracurricular programs of general education.
Special education in the United States enables students with exceptional learning needs to access resources through special education programs. "The idea of excluding students with any disability from public school education can be traced back to 1893, when the Massachusetts Supreme Court expelled a student merely due to poor academic ability". [1]
It created and extended civil rights to people with disabilities and allows for reasonable accommodations, such as special study areas and assistance as necessary for each student. [11] The United States Department of Justice published the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990.
IDEA is composed of four parts, the main two being part A and part B. [2] Part A covers the general provisions of the law; Part B covers assistance for education of all children with disabilities; Part C covers infants and toddlers with disabilities, including children from birth to age three; and Part D consists of the national support ...
Schools are required to find students with disabilities within their jurisdiction and refer those students for services (often called "child find" obligations). [21] [22] [23] Students are entitled to assessments to determine whether they have disabilities. [21] Students with disabilities must have Individualized Education Plans, or IEPs. [21]
Higher academic achievement: Mainstreaming has shown to be more academically effective than exclusion practices. [9] For instance, the National Center for Learning Disabilities found that the graduation rate for students with learning disabilities was 70.8% for the 2013-2014 year, [10] although this report does not differentiate between students enrolled in mainstreaming, inclusive, or ...