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Geons are the simple 2D or 3D forms such as cylinders, bricks, wedges, cones, circles and rectangles corresponding to the simple parts of an object in Biederman's recognition-by-components theory. [1] The theory proposes that the visual input is matched against structural representations of objects in the brain.
Example problem based on Shepard & Metzlar's "Mental Rotation Task": are these two three-dimensional shapes identical when rotated? Mental rotation is the ability to rotate mental representations of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects as it is related to the visual representation of such rotation within the human mind. [1]
The parietal lobe is a part of the brain that is recognized to be involved in spatial ability, especially in 2d- and 3d mental rotation. Researchers at the University of Iowa found that the thicker grey matter in the parietal lobe of females led to a disadvantage in mental rotations, and that the larger surface areas of the parietal lobe of ...
Mental rotation on the other hand is the mental ability to manipulate and rotate 2D or 3D objects in space quickly and accurately. [3] Lastly, spatial visualization is characterized as complicated multi-step manipulations of spatially presented information. [4]
Their model also demonstrates a high degree of shape constancy conserved between 2D images, which allow the 3D image to be recognized. [10] The 3-D model representations obtained from the object are formed by first identifying the concavities of the object, which separate the stimulus into individual parts.
These results show that, for young children, dual representation is more easily achieved using 2D pictures than 3D models. This observation led researchers to believe it was the simplicity of the pictures in relation to the model room that contributed to the success of children in completing the retrieval task.
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In studying geometry one concentrates on the position of points and on the length, orientation and curvature of lines. Geometrical–optical illusions then relate in the first instance to object characteristics as defined by geometry.