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Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands, and colon. [ 6 ]
The outermost layer, the zona glomerulosa is the main site for the production of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid. The synthesis and secretion of aldosterone are mainly regulated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The zona glomerulosa cells express a specific enzyme aldosterone synthase (also known as CYP11B2).
The production of steroid hormones is called steroidogenesis, and involves a number of reactions and processes that take place in cortical cells. [5] The medulla produces the catecholamines, which function to produce a rapid response throughout the body in stress situations. [4] A number of endocrine diseases involve dysfunctions of the adrenal ...
The opposite mechanism is called transrepression. The hormone receptor without ligand binding interacts with heat shock proteins and prevents the transcription of targeted genes. Aldosterone and cortisol (a glucosteroid ) have similar affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor; however, glucocorticoids circulate at roughly 100 times the level ...
Angiotensin II is the major bioactive product of the renin–angiotensin system, binding to receptors on intraglomerular mesangial cells, causing these cells to contract along with the blood vessels surrounding them; and to receptors on the zona glomerulosa cells, causing the release of aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex.
Finally, epithelial cells of sweat gland ducts and distal colon surface respond exactly the same as the principal cells of the nephron. These responses are important in climate adaptation and as a cause of constipation with elevated aldosterone [citation needed]. The sodium retention leads to plasma volume expansion and elevated blood pressure.
5) and aldosterone (C 21 H 28 O 5) (cortisone and aldosterone are isomers). The main corticosteroids produced by the adrenal cortex are cortisol and aldosterone. [1] The etymology of the cortico-part of the name refers to the adrenal cortex, which makes these steroid hormones. Thus a corticosteroid is a "cortex steroid". [citation needed]
The immune system specifically targets the cells of the adrenal cortex and destroys them, but Addison's disease can also be caused by a severe infection such as tuberculosis. Some symptoms include hypoglycemia and decreased blood sodium levels and increased blood potassium levels caused by a deficiency of aldosterone. These electrolyte ...