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  2. Phalanx - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx

    The Battle of the Caudine Forks showed the clumsiness of the Roman phalanx against the Samnites. The Romans had originally employed the phalanx themselves [25] but gradually evolved more flexible tactics. The result was the three-line Roman legion of the middle period of the Roman Republic, the Manipular System. Romans used a phalanx for their ...

  3. Toys and games in ancient Rome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toys_and_games_in_ancient_Rome

    Marble relief (2nd century AD) of Roman children playing ball games: the girl at the far right is tossing a ball in the air [1] The ancient Romans had a variety of toys and games. Children used toys such as tops, marbles, wooden swords, kites, [2] whips, seesaws, dolls, chariots, and swings. Gambling and betting were popular games in ancient Rome.

  4. Sanitation in ancient Rome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation_in_ancient_Rome

    The Romans recycled public bath waste water by using it as part of the flow that flushed the latrines. Terra cotta piping was used in the plumbing that carried waste water from homes. The Romans were the first to seal pipes in concrete to resist the high water pressures developed in siphons and elsewhere.

  5. Childhood in ancient Rome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_in_ancient_Rome

    Funeral monument of a Roman midwife. In ancient Rome, childbirth was the aim of a Roman marriage. Procreation was the prime duty and expectation of a woman. [1] Childbirth also brought upon high risk to both the mother and child due to a greater chance of complications, which included infection, uterine hemorrhage, and the young age of the mothers.

  6. Substance abuse in ancient Rome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse_in_ancient...

    Cannabis sativa, also known to the Romans as Cannabion, asterion, and Schoinostrophon, was mentioned numerous times in Roman medical literature. [7] [8] Roman doctors such as Dioscorides and Galen wrote that cannabis could be used to create strong ropes, repel mosquitos, and that it would decrease sexual activity, cause impotence, and cause nausea.

  7. Bulla (amulet) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulla_(amulet)

    Detail from a relief showing a Roman boy wearing a bulla Etruscan bulla depicting Icarus A bulla , an amulet worn like a locket, was given to male children in Ancient Rome nine days after birth. Inside the medallion, an amulet was placed, which was usually a phallus – a symbol that brought good luck in antiquity.

  8. Xylospongium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylospongium

    The xylospongium or tersorium, also known as a "sponge on a stick", was a utensil found in ancient Roman latrines, consisting of a wooden stick (Greek: ξύλον, xylon) with a sea sponge (Greek: σπόγγος, spongos) fixed at one end. Academics disagree as to its exact use, about which the primary sources are vague.

  9. Maniple (military unit) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniple_(military_unit)

    The rugged terrain of Samnium, where the war was fought, was not conducive to the phalanx formation which the Romans had inherited from the Etruscans and Ancient Greeks. The main battle troops of the Etruscans and Latins of this period comprised Greek-style hoplite phalanxes, inherited from the original Greek phalanx military unit.