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Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, excessive amount of apoptosis of cells, and disuse or lack of exercise or disease intrinsic to the tissue itself.
Thymus atrophy during early human development (childhood) is an example of physiologic atrophy. Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common pathologic adaptation to skeletal muscle disuse (commonly called "disuse atrophy"). Tissue and organs especially susceptible to atrophy include skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, secondary sex organs, and the brain ...
Mitochondrial myopathies are diseases caused by mutations related to mitochondria, and thus are generally inherited from the mother with variable expressivity due to heteroplasmy. Kearns–Sayre syndrome; Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF)
Pathological diagnosis can only be made at autopsy by finding abundant glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) on histological specimens of the central nervous system. [ 47 ] Olivopontocerebellar atrophy can be used as a pathological term to describe degeneration of neurons in specific areas of the brain – the cerebellum , pons , and inferior ...
This is a list of major and frequently observed neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), symptoms (e.g., back pain), signs (e.g., aphasia) and syndromes (e.g., Aicardi syndrome). There is disagreement over the definitions and criteria used to delineate various disorders and whether some of these conditions should be classified as ...
Pathophysiology (or physiopathology) is a branch of study, at the intersection of pathology and physiology, concerning disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury. Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas ...
Diseases and disorders GAD Generalized anxiety disorder: GAN Giant axonal neuropathy: GAS disease Group A Streptococcal disease: GAVE Gastric antral vascular ectasia (see Watermelon stomach) GBS Guillain–Barré syndrome: GBS disease Group B Streptococcal disease: GCE Glycine encephalopathy: GD Gestational diabetes: GERD Gastroesophageal ...
Synucleinopathies (also called α-Synucleinopathies) are neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the abnormal accumulation of aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons, nerve fibres or glial cells. [1] There are three main types of synucleinopathy: Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy ...