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where f (2k−1) is the (2k − 1)th derivative of f and B 2k is the (2k)th Bernoulli number: B 2 = 1 / 6 , B 4 = − + 1 / 30 , and so on. Setting f ( x ) = x , the first derivative of f is 1, and every other term vanishes, so [ 15 ]
Arithmetica (Ancient Greek: Ἀριθμητικά) is an Ancient Greek text on mathematics written by the mathematician Diophantus (c. 200/214 AD – c. 284/298 AD) in the 3rd century AD. [1] It is a collection of 130 algebraic problems giving numerical solutions of determinate equations (those with a unique solution) and indeterminate equations .
This is not always the case: the trivial equation x = x specifies the entire plane, and the equation x 2 + y 2 = 0 specifies only the single point (0, 0). In three dimensions, a single equation usually gives a surface , and a curve must be specified as the intersection of two surfaces (see below), or as a system of parametric equations . [ 18 ]
Graphs of y = b x for various bases b: base 10, base e, base 2, base 1 / 2 . Each curve passes through the point (0, 1) because any nonzero number raised to the power of 0 is 1. At x = 1, the value of y equals the base because any number raised to the power of 1 is the number itself.
graph of an inequality ("a relation" (not wikilinked)) y ≤ x + 5; x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1; graph of a curve; graph of a parametric equation x = cos t and y = sin t; same as (x,y) = (cos t, sin t) graph of a point in two-dimensional Euclidean space. graph of an ordered pair, or 2- tuple (looks like a point in a plane) graph of a data set, where x ...
A graph of three branches of the algebraic function y, where y 3 − xy + 1 = 0, over the domain 3/2 2/3 < x < 50. Furthermore, even if one is ultimately interested in real algebraic functions, there may be no means to express the function in terms of addition, multiplication, division and taking nth roots without resorting to complex numbers ...
Contains the trigonometric formula sin(n + 1)x − sin nx = sin nx − sin(n − 1)x − (1/225)sin nx. Spherical trigonometry. Arithmetic: Simple continued fractions. Algebra: Solutions of simultaneous quadratic equations. Whole number solutions of linear equations by a method equivalent to the modern method.
The cube operation can also be defined for any other mathematical expression, for example (x + 1) 3. The cube is also the number multiplied by its square: n 3 = n × n 2 = n × n × n. The cube function is the function x ↦ x 3 (often denoted y = x 3) that maps a number to its cube. It is an odd function, as (−n) 3 = −(n 3).