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Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) [1] was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology .
Later observations (by Hubble himself, among others) showed Hubble's belief to be correct and the S0 class was included in the definitive exposition of the Hubble sequence by Allan Sandage. [12] Missing from the Hubble sequence are the early-type galaxies with intermediate-scale disks, in between the E0 and S0 types, Martha Liller denoted them ...
E. C. Stoner publishes a paper [18] pointing out that for a given value of the principal quantum number (n), the number of energy levels of a single electron in the alkali metal spectra in an external magnetic field, where all degenerate energy levels are separated, is equal to the number of electrons in the closed shell of the rare gases for ...
In 1924, American astronomer Edwin Hubble's measurement of the great distance to the nearest spiral nebulae showed that these systems were indeed other galaxies. Starting that same year, Hubble painstakingly developed a series of distance indicators, the forerunner of the cosmic distance ladder , using the 100-inch (2.5 m) Hooker telescope at ...
1924: Wolfgang Pauli: quantum Pauli exclusion principle; 1924: Edwin Hubble: the discovery that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies; 1925: Erwin Schrödinger: Schrödinger equation (Quantum mechanics) 1925: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: Discovery of the composition of the Sun and that hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Universe
1923 – Edwin Hubble: Galaxies discovered; 1923 – Arthur Compton: Particle nature of photons confirmed by observation of photon momentum; 1924 – Bose–Einstein statistics; 1924 – Louis de Broglie: De Broglie wave; 1925 – Werner Heisenberg: Matrix mechanics; 1925–27 – Niels Bohr & Max Planck: Quantum mechanics
Tuning-fork-style diagram of the Hubble sequence Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence , devised by Edwin ...
1923 – Edwin Hubble measures distances to a few nearby spiral nebulae (galaxies), the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), Triangulum Galaxy (M33), and NGC 6822. The distances place them far outside the Milky Way, and implies that fainter galaxies are much more distant, and the universe is composed of many thousands of galaxies.