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A reference range is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal population falls within (that is, 95% prediction interval). [2] It is determined by collecting data from vast numbers of laboratory tests. [citation needed]
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
Measurement Lower limit Upper limit Unit Urinary specific gravity: 1.003 [1] [2]: 1.030 [1] [2]: g/mL Urobilinogen: 0.2 [2]: 1.0 [2]: Ehrlich units or mg/dL : Free catecholamines, dopamine ...
Pediatric patients' vital parameters vary by each age group and are different than an adult's healthy range. When reviewing vital signs in each of the age groups, be alert for significant changes and compare with normal values for each of the signs.
Children: 50 to 120 μg/dL; TIBC: 240–450 μg/dL [1] Transferrin saturation: 20–50% [1] μg/dL = micrograms per deciliter. Laboratories often use different units and "normal" may vary by population and the lab techniques used; look at the individual laboratory reference values to interpret a specific test (for instance, your own).
Based on a statistical normal distribution, the tested samples' ranges vary with sex and age. [179] On average, adult females have lower hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count values than males; the difference lessens, but is still present, after menopause. [180] CBC results for children and newborn babies differ from those of adults.
The normal serum creatinine (sCr) varies with the subject's body muscle mass and with the technique used to measure it. For the adult male, the normal range is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dl, or 53 to 106 μmol/L by the kinetic or enzymatic method, and 0.8 to 1.5 mg/dl, or 70 to 133 μmol/L by the older manual Jaffé reaction.
Urine protein/creatinine ratio is a widely used initial method to estimate daily protein excretion in urine. [1] [2] [3] Since the diagnosis and management of proteinuric renal diseases and the staging of chronic kidney disease depend on accurate identification and quantitation of proteinuria, [4] [1] the implementation of the 24-hour urine collection is the most accurate procedure in practice ...