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February 14 - Nie Er, Chinese musician (died 1935) June 27 - Chen Kenmin, Chinese-born Japanese chef (died 1990) July 26 - Qigong, Chinese calligrapher, artist, painter, connoisseur and sinologist (died 2005) October 27 - C. C. Li, Chinese-American geneticist (died 2003) November 14 - Tung-Yen Lin, Chinese structural engineer (died 2003)
Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) rulers are referred to solely by their era names, of which they only had one. [ 19 ] Apart from ethnic Han rulers, China was also ruled by various non-Han monarchs, including Jurchen , Khitan , Manchu , Mongol and Tangut and many others. [ 20 ]
The Republic of China president is called 總統 (Zǒngtǒng, "President"), and from 1912–1928, 大總統 (Dàzǒngtǒng, "Grand President"). Since 1949, the de facto territory of the ROC is reduced to Taiwan and its surrounding islands , the former previously ruled by Japan from 1895 to 1945, no longer governing mainland China .
The names given for emperors are era names, the form by which Qing emperors were most commonly known (with the exception of Puyi, who ruled as the Xuantong Emperor, but was generally known by his given name after his deposition). Puyi abdicated as head of state on February 12, 1912, but was permitted to retain his imperial titles until 1924.
Paramount leader, an informal list of those who have been considered the highest leader of the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China; Leader of the Chinese Communist Party; Chairman of the Kuomintang; List of leaders of the People's Republic of China of institutions; List of national leaders of the People's Republic of China
Name (Birth–Death) Term of office Political party Vice President Assembly (elected) 1 Sun Yat-sen 孫中山 (1866–1925) 1 January 1912: 10 March 1912 Tongmenghui: Li Yuanhong (Independent) Provisional 2 Yuan Shikai 袁世凱 (1859–1916) 10 March 1912: 10 October 1913 Beiyang clique: Li Yuanhong (Independent) Provisional
This is a list of the premiers of China from 1911–1912, during the Qing dynasty, 1912 onwards of the Republic of China, and 1949 onwards of the People's Republic of China. The first recorded instance of a monarch of China appointing a chief minister was around 1130 BC, by King Tang of the Shang dynasty .
The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, [1] [2] and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar.